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1.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 55(2): 113-116, Mar-Apr/2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-668859

ABSTRACT

Visceral leishmaniasis affects various organs including the kidneys; which can lead to renal failure and death. In order to verify this renal involvement, material was evaluated from 100 dogs naturally infected and with serological diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Inflammatory changes were present in 25.3% of the tubules, in 67.0% of interstitium and in 52.0% of glomeruli. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the presence of glomerulonephritis in symptomatic and oligosymptomatic dogs. The membranous and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis were the most frequent, both with 18.0% frequency, followed by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with 14.0%. Changes such as cylindruria, tubular and fibrosis hypertrophy, periglomerular inflammatory infiltrate, and multifocal and diffuse peritubular inflammatory infiltrate were observed. The findings are consistent with those of other authors indicating that renal involvement is common in CVL and the standards of membranous and membranoploriferative glomerulonephritis, as well as the tubulointerstitial involvement, are frequent.


A leishmaniose visceral acomete vários órgãos entre eles os rins; o que pode levar a insuficiência renal e a morte. Com o objetivo de verificar este acometimento renal foram avaliados materiais de 100 cães naturalmente infectados e com diagnósticos sorológicos de leishmaniose visceral canina - LVC. As alterações inflamatórias estavam presentes em 25,3% dos túbulos, em 67,0% do interstício e em 52,0% dos glomérulos. Não houve diferença significativa (p > 0,05) entre a presença de glomerulonefrite em cães sintomáticos e oligossintomáticos. As glomerulonefrites membranosa e membrano proliferativa foram as mais freqüentes, ambas com 18,0% de freqüência seguidas da glomeruloesclerose segmentar e focal com 14,0%. Foram observadas alterações como cilindrúria, hipertrofia tubular e fibrose e infiltrados inflamatórios periglomerulares e peritubulares multifocais e difusos. Os achados concordam com os de outros autores indicando que o acometimento renal é comum na LVC e que os padrões de glomerulonefrites membranoploriferativa e membranosa; assim como o acometimento tubulointersticial são freqüentes.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Female , Male , Dog Diseases/pathology , Glomerulonephritis/veterinary , Kidney/pathology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Glomerulonephritis/parasitology , Glomerulonephritis/pathology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/complications , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/pathology
2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 104(supl.1): 226-235, July 2009. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-520883

ABSTRACT

One hundred years ago, Carlos Chagas discovered a new disease, the American trypanosomiasis. Chagas and co-workers later characterised the disease's common manifestation, chronic cardiomyopathy, and suggested that parasitic persistence coupled with inflammation was the key underlying pathogenic mechanism. Better comprehension of the molecular mechanisms leading to clinical heart afflictions is a prerequisite to developing new therapies that ameliorate inflammation and improve heart function without hampering parasite control. Here, we review recent data showing that distinct cell adhesion molecules, chemokines and chemokine receptors participate in anti-parasite immunity and/or detrimental leukocyte trafficking to the heart. Moreover, we offer evidence that CC-chemokine receptors may be attractive therapeutic targets aiming to regain homeostatic balance in parasite/host interaction thereby improving prognosis, supporting that it is becoming a non-phantasious proposal.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/immunology , Myocarditis/immunology , Receptors, Chemokine/immunology , Trypanosoma cruzi/immunology , Cell Movement , Chronic Disease , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/therapy , Myocarditis/parasitology , Trypanosoma cruzi/pathogenicity
3.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 103(4): 375-385, June 2008. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-486867

ABSTRACT

In Chagas disease, understanding how the immune response controls parasite growth but also leads to heart damage may provide insight into the design of new therapeutic strategies. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-á) is important for resistance to acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection; however, in patients suffering from chronic T. cruzi infection, plasma TNF-á levels correlate with cardiomyopathy. Recent data suggest that CD8-enriched chagasic myocarditis formation involves CCR1/CCR5-mediated cell migration. Herein, the contribution of TNF-á, especially signaling through the receptor TNFR1/p55, to the pathophysiology of T. cruzi infection was evaluated with a focus on the development of myocarditis and heart dysfunction. Colombian strain-infected C57BL/6 mice had increased frequencies of TNFR1/p55+ and TNF-á+ splenocytes. Although TNFR1-/- mice exhibited reduced myocarditis in the absence of parasite burden, they succumbed to acute infection. Similar to C57BL/6 mice, Benznidazole-treated TNFR1-/- mice survived acute infection. In TNFR1-/- mice, reduced CD8-enriched myocarditis was associated with defective activation of CD44+CD62Llow/- and CCR5+ CD8+ lymphocytes. Also, anti-TNF-á treatment reduced the frequency of CD8+CCR5+ circulating cells and myocarditis, though parasite load was unaltered in infected C3H/HeJ mice. TNFR1-/- and anti-TNF-á-treated infected mice showed regular expression of connexin-43 and reduced fibronectin deposition, respectively. Furthermore, anti-TNF-á treatment resulted in lower levels of CK-MB, a cardiomyocyte lesion marker. Our results suggest that TNF/TNFR1 signaling promotes CD8-enriched myocarditis formation and heart tissue damage, implicating the TNF/TNFR1 signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target for control of T. cruzi-elicited cardiomyopathy.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology , /immunology , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/immunology , /immunology , Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/antagonists & inhibitors , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors , Cell Movement , Chronic Disease , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/drug therapy , Flow Cytometry , Immunohistochemistry , RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/blood , Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/immunology , Signal Transduction , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
4.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 23 fev. 2006. xiii,194 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-443968

ABSTRACT

A doença de Chagas permanece um importante problema de saúde pública em países da América Latina.Modelos experimentais que reproduzam aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos desta doença são essenciais para pesquisas pré-clínicas.Previamente,foi mostrado que a infecção experimental de macacos rhesus com a cepa Colombiana do Trypanosoma cruzi reproduz manifestações clínicas características da fase aguda da doença humana. Assim,em nosso trabalho buscamos caracterizar o modelo de infecção crônica estudando o perfil clínico, parasitológico e alguns aspectos da resposta imune,assim como mecanismos envolvidos na imunopatogênese da cardiomiopatia chagásica.De modo interessante,3 dos 6 animais infectados avaliados desenvolveram alterações eletrocardiográficas 16 anos após a infecção.A persistência do parasito foi detectada no sangue e no tecido em 6 dos 7 animais infectados,nos quais também detectou-se resposta imune celular e anticorpos específicos para o parasito.A caracterização do perfil de ativação imunológica dos animais infectados em relação ao grupo controle mostrou níveis séricos aumentados de metabólitos do óxido nítrico,IL-6 e CCL3/MIP-1α.Quando células mononucleares do sangue periférico(PBMC)foram estimuladas com PMA e ionomicina observou-se no sobrenadante maior produção de IL-1β,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,TNF-α e IFN-y,CCL2/MCP-1,CCL3/MIP-1α e CXCL8/IL-8 nos macacos infectados.Objetivando caracterizar os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos na imunopatogênese da miocardite chagásica crônica,investigou-se a participação de moléculas de adesão celular,quimiocinas e citocinas. Observou-se o predomínio das células CD3+CD8+ entre as PBMC dos animais cronicamente infectados.Também,estes animais apresentavam maior freqüência de células CD4+CD28-e CD8+CD28-circulantes,comparados aos animais controle. De modo...Assim,no modelo rhesus...parecem estar envolvidas na imunopatogênese da miocardite chagásica crônica,com predomínio de células T CD8+.As citocinas...


Subject(s)
Animals , Chagas Cardiomyopathy , Chagas Disease , Chemokines , Macaca mulatta , Trypanosoma cruzi
5.
Ciênc. rural ; 30(6): 1017-9, nov.-dez. 2000. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-282965

ABSTRACT

Amostras de soro obtidas de estudantes do curso de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade para o desenvolvimento do Estado e da Regiäo do Pantanal, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil, foram examinadas para a presença de anticorpos contra Toxoplasma gondii. Dos 145 soros testados, 44 (30,34 por cento) foram positivos na hemaglutinaçäo, com título igual ou superior a 1:16. Näo foram observadas associaçöes entre as características epidemiológicas examinadas tais como hábitos alimentares (ingestäo de carne bovina crua ou malpassada, vegetais crus/näo lavados, produtos lácteos näo pasteurizados) ou contato constante com cäes e a presença de anticorpos contra T. gondii, exceto pelo percentual significativamente maior de estudantes soropositivos que relataram ter contato freqüente com gatos (P=0,03).


Subject(s)
Humans , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Prevalence , Students, Health Occupations , Toxoplasma/immunology
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